Stimson and subsequently affirmed by the assembly of the League of Nations and by several conferences of the American republics. This implication was contained in what became known as the Stimson Doctrine, enunciated in January 1932 by U.S. The logical corollary to the outlawry of aggressive war is the denial of legal recognition to the fruits of such war. The doctrine of conquest and its derivative rules were challenged in the 20th century by the development of the principle that aggressive war is contrary to international law, a view that is expressed in the covenant of the League of Nations, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, the charters and judgments of the international military tribunals created at the end of World War II to try those accused of war crimes, the Charter of the United Nations, and numerous other multipartite treaties, declarations, and resolutions. An effective conquest takes place when physical appropriation of territory ( annexation) is followed by “subjugation” (i.e., the legal process of transferring title).Ĭonquest is associated with the traditional principle that sovereign states may resort to war at their discretion and that territorial and other gains achieved by military victory will be recognized as legally valid.
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